Taiji Study

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Tai Chi Helps People with Chronic Health Problems
Wed Mar 10, 3:52 PM ET Add Health - Reuters to My Yahoo!


By Alison McCook

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - The ancient Chinese martial art of Tai Chi appears to have many positive effects in people with chronic health conditions, including heart and joint problems, and multiple sclerosis, according to a review of medical literature.

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In addition, Tai Chi appears to help older adults build strength, balance and flexibility, and to reduce pain and anxiety among healthy people, according to the Archives of Internal Medicine (news - web sites) report.


Despite the practice's apparent benefits, study author Dr. Chenchen Wang of Tufts-New England Medical Center in Boston cautioned that it is too early for doctors to recommend Tai Chi to their patients with chronic health woes, because many of the studies included in the current analysis were poorly designed.


"All the indications from this review show Tai Chi is beneficial," Wang told Reuters Health. "But we cannot yet draw scientific conclusions."


Tai Chi focuses on building strength, balance and flexibility through slow, fluid movements combined with mental imagery and deep breathing.


The practice is believed to improve a number of aspects of health, including memory, concentration and digestion. In addition, some say it can reduce anxiety and depression.


Despite its numerous supposed benefits, however, the means by which Tai Chi affects health remain a mystery.


For the current study, Wang and her colleagues reviewed the results of 47 studies that examined the health benefits of Tai Chi. The studies looked at the practice's influence on musculoskeletal conditions, heart and lung function, immune function and mental health.


The researchers found that Tai Chi appears to improve functioning in the heart, blood vessels and lungs among both healthy people and those with heart conditions, including those who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery.


Among frail, older adults, practicing Tai Chi was associated with a lower risk of falls, and improvements in balance, strength and flexibility in all older adults. The martial art also appeared to reduce pain, stress and anxiety among healthy practitioners.


In an interview, Wang urged people with chronic health conditions to be careful if they plan to practice Tai Chi. Although the current research suggests it is effective and safe, the practice could worsen symptoms in some people with joint problems such as arthritis, she noted.


Wang added that she and her colleagues plan to conduct further studies to determine why Tai Chi works, and which patients can get the most benefit from it.


SOURCE: Archives of Internal Medicine, March 8, 2004.

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Tai Chi Tames Chronic Health Conditions
Thu Mar 25, 7:02 PM ET Add Health - HealthDay to My Yahoo!

THURSDAY, March 25 (HealthDayNews) -- The ancient Chinese practice of Tai Chi appears to improve balance, flexibility and cardiovascular health in people with such chronic health problems as heart failure, hypertension, arthritis and multiple sclerosis.

So says a review article by researchers at Tufts-New England Medical Center in Boston.

They analyzed 47 studies that examined the health effects of Tai Chi in patients with various chronic health conditions.

"Overall, these studies reported that long-term Tai Chi practice had favorable effects on the promotion of balance control, flexibility and cardiovascular fitness and reduced the risk of falls in elders," the authors write.

Cardiovascular and respiratory function improvements were noted in healthy people and those who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery as well as people with heart failure, hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, arthritis and multiple sclerosis.

"Benefit was also found for balance, strength, and flexibility in older subjects; falls in frail elderly subjects; and pain, stress and anxiety in healthy subjects," the authors write.

They add the actual ways that Tai Chi provides these benefits are not well known.

The article appears in a recent issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine (news - web sites).

More information

The Arthritis Foundation has more about Tai Chi.




=red]Tai Chi Tames Chronic Health[COLOR Conditions[/COLOR]

New York Times
April 13, 2004


They Call It Meditation in Motion, but Does Tai Chi Heal Ills?
By MARK DERR

IAMI BEACH, April 12 — On a languid March evening, Jeff Morris, a lean, muscular man with a calm smile and shaved head, led a class of three men and two women with slow, fluid, continuous movements through the formalized postures of tai chi, the centuries-old Chinese Taoist martial art.

For 75 minutes, the participants focused their attention on controlling the positions of their arms, legs, torsos and spines, guiding them in concert repeatedly through their poses with varying degrees of gracefulness.

Told in 1986 that he had full-blown AIDS and just a year to live, Mr. Morris turned to tai chi, its companion discipline qigong and later a ****tail of antiviral drugs. Now, H.I.V. is virtually undetectable in his blood, and he teaches tai chi at various locations in Miami-Dade County.

Mr. Morris is not alone in attributing healing value to what is often called meditation in motion. But as with acupuncture and other non-Western healing arts, determining just how well this ancient discipline works challenges researchers.

Tai chi first gained adherents in the United States in the late 1960's. The practice is said to enhance balance, flexibility, gait, posture, digestion, concentration, memory and overall physical and mental well-being. Its proponents say it is especially beneficial for the elderly and for people with chronic medical disorders.

Tai chi's methods and purpose stand in stark contrast to more active aerobic activities, like running, cycling, swimming or even brisk walking. Eastern exercises like tai chi emphasize internal strength and energy; Western activities traditionally focus on building muscles, said Dr. Chenchen Wang, who studies the medical use of tai chi at the Tufts-New England Medical Center.
Over the past five decades, dozens of clinical studies have suggested that tai chi may benefit people with high blood pressure, heart problems, injuries, multiple sclerosis, arthritis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, anxiety and depression, among other ailments.

But despite the generally favorable findings on the physiological and psychological value of tai chi, Dr. Wang said, the studies were neither conclusive nor definitive.
Dr. Wang based her conclusions on an analysis of 47 medical studies conducted in China and the United States over the past five decades.

She and two collaborators, Dr. Joseph Lau of the Tufts-New England Medical Center in Boston and Dr. Jean-Paul Collet of Jewish General Hospital at McGill University in Montreal, published their findings in the March 8 issue of the journal Archives of Internal Medicine.

"The promise of tai chi is great," Dr. Wang said, "but given the current state of knowledge, I wouldn't recommend to my patients to do tai chi over other exercise."

She added that more and better studies were needed to determine which of the many forms of tai chi were best for which problems, how long a patient needed to follow a program to show improvement and whether tai chi was more effective than other forms of exercise.

Dr. Wang is now preparing to publish the findings of a comprehensive study of the effectiveness of tai chi in helping people with rheumatoid arthritis improve their balance and prevent falls.

It is axiomatic that exercise is essential to good health.
Although recommendations vary somewhat among organizations and for different age groups, the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion recommends for adults a minimum of 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity — brisk walking, for example — at least five days a week, or a minimum of 20 minutes of vigorous exercise, like running, three or more days a week.

Dr. Deborah Rohm Young, a kinesiologist at the University of Maryland, said the question for the 80 to 85 percent of Americans who do not meet that threshold, for reasons including chronic illness, is which exercise is best — well-known aerobic activities like walking, jogging or cycling or Eastern exercises like yoga, tai chi or even the physically passive qigong, which focuses on meditation and breathing.

In a clinical trial in the late 1990's, Dr. Young and her colleagues found that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise was slightly better than low-intensity tai chi at lowering blood pressure and noticeably better at improving fitness in a group of 62 sedentary elderly people over 12 weeks.

But the style of tai chi they taught, known as yang — popular because of its slow, continuous movements — performed well enough to lead the researchers to conclude that it might help sedentary older adults who could not engage in more rigorous exercise, or did not want to.

Studies of tai chi are hard to conduct, because tai chi masters differ in their instruction methods and often do not want to change what they do to conform with other teachers, said Dr. Jorge Juncos, a neurologist at the Emory University School of Medicine.

Dr. Juncos is conducting a study comparing the relative effectiveness of tai chi, qigong and traditional huff-and-puff aerobics in helping patients with Parkinson's disease improve their gait, balance, posture and conditioning.

Exercise may benefit Parkinson's patients primarily through caloric expenditure; in that case, the form matters less than the intensity, Dr. Juncos said. Alternatively, it may be the emphasis in tai chi on integrating the mind and the body that is beneficial.
To find out, Dr. Juncos made sure that in his study, the tai chi practitioners worked as hard physically as those doing aerobics. Because tai chi emphasizes the meeting of mind and body, some experts believe it is potentially more effective for people with neurological disorders than aerobic activities like walking or pedaling a stationary bicycle.

While performing those activities, people often listen to music, read or talk, Dr. Juncos noted.

Tai chi is thought to engage the brain through concentrated breathing. The theory is that the breathing begins to shift primary neurological functions to other brain regions, correcting to some degree the poor balance or gait that are hallmarks of Parkinson's.
Tai chi may also help alleviate the thinking and memory problems that affect some people with Parkinson's, Dr. Juncos said.

Many studies do not continue long enough to measure the full effects of tai chi, which takes time and practice to master, said Dr. Fuzhong Li, a research scientist at the Oregon Research Institute.
In a study that has not yet been published, Dr. Li found that falls were significantly reduced in a group of elderly people during six months of training in tai chi.

A follow-up survey showed that six months after the end of the training, there were still fewer falls among the people who were trained in tai chi than among those who were not.
Seventy percent of the tai chi group had continued practicing after the training period.
Because it can take months to learn proper tai chi movement, Dr. Li has tried to make the exercise easier for people, so they do not quit prematurely.

He developed a simplified version of yang-style tai chi that emphasizes weight shifts, hand-eye coordination, trunk rotation and slow, continuous, even flow through eight forms, or postures.
"We're not interested in the aerobic aspect of exercise," Dr. Li said. "We are interested in physical functioning and balance."
What makes tai chi valuable, he added, is that the physical movements are combined with meditation, that it is low-impact and can be performed anywhere, and that people, especially those who are older, enjoy the social interactions of the classes.
At the Advanced Sports Medicine Wellness Institute in Miami Beach, without breaking a sweat or driving his pulse rate far above normal, a physically fit visitor with Parkinson's disease found Mr. Morris's 75-minute session to be intense and hard.
But it seemed no better mentally, and was certainly less aerobic, than swimming laps.

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The Gas We Pass: Exercise Really Does Help

By Merritt McKinney

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - People who have problems with excess intestinal gas are often advised to exercise, even though the benefit is unproven. Now research from Spain suggests that this may be good advice.

In a small study, physical activity sped the clearance of excess gas.

"We have shown that physical exercise facilitates intestinal gas evacuation, and may thus prevent abdominal symptoms related to gas retention, such as bloating," study author Dr. Fernando Azpiroz of the Hospital General Vail d'Hebron in Barcelona told Reuters Health.

"The importance of this study is that it provides experimental support for a heretofore unproven recommendation frequently made by physicians," Azpiroz added.

Although the study shows that exercise can help reduce excess gas in healthy people, the effect of exercise in people with irritable bowel syndrome or bloating is still unknown, Azpiroz and his colleagues point out in the April 15 issue of the American Journal of Medicine.

In the study, 8 healthy adults had a gas mixture pumped into the small intestine. A catheter was placed in the rectum to collect and measure the release of gas.

The researchers measured how much gas was evacuated at rest and when participants pedaled on a modified exercise bike.

During a 2-hour period of rest, participants released 10 percent less gas than was pumped into them. During exercise, however, more gas was released than was pumped in, meaning that participants were releasing some gas produced by the body, too.

What's more, swelling of the gut caused by excess gas diminished during physical activity, the researchers report.

Whether exercise can relieve symptoms of excess gas is uncertain, however, since people in the study did not report much discomfort while resting or exercising.

Azpiroz and his colleagues are not certain how exercise relieves excess gas, but one possibility is that exercise gets rid of gas by increasing pressure in the abdomen.

SOURCE: American Journal of Medicine, April 15, 2004.