Martial Arts don't have to be difficult or secretive. As a matter of fact, they can be broken down to a few base principles that can be drilled to perfection leading to an endless variety of movements and possibilities.
Yes!
The basics of a martial arts system incorporate the structure and fighting philosophy of that system; therefore every movement in the system's forms (or, in the case of a "pure fighting" school, its training drills) can be broken out and applied in a nearly endless number of situations.
The longest, most complicated-looking form is still, at its essence, a sequence of basic movements.
A fighter's successful attack or defense (or escape from a hold) is application of basic movements or combinations of movements - combined with tactics (which are learned through sparring - applying those basic moves).
You can know 100 forms and still look crappy when performing them, if you don't recognize their basic movements and practice them.
You can punch a heavy bag and practice choke holds 24/7 and still lose fights, if you don't understand why you practice them.
How would a person begin to dissect CMA to find the core and take into account all the gains and knowledge that has been discovered in the past couple of centuries?
Practice, question, apply. But practice your art and learn as much as you can about it. How can you dissect the whole frog if you only have one of its legs?
OK, bad metaphor. But I agree with what you're saying, MightyB.
There is a great streak of violence in every human being. If it is not channeled and understood, it will break out in war or in madness. ~Sam Peckinpah