Wednesday, September 17, 2014
Record amount of poached W.Va. ginseng seized
By Anna Patrick
Staff writer

District 4 Natural Resource Police Officers (from left) Zachary Mills, Joshua Toner and Marshall Richards examine illegally picked ginseng. The endangered roots were yanked out of the ground before the season officially began on Sept 1. The DNR says ginseng poaching is tied to the illegal drug trade.
With enough ginseng roots to fill a conference room, West Virginia Division of Natural Resources Law Enforcement revealed Wednesday the largest seizure of illegal ginseng in the state’s history.
Approximately 190 pounds of the lucrative root, prized in many parts of Asia for its natural healing qualities, covered the District 4 DNR Law Enforcement conference room floor and filled paper bags lining the room.
District 4’s Lt. W.W. Brogan III said, based on the average market value for a pound of ginseng in 2013, the seized “sang” is worth $180,000.
The district covers eight counties in Southern West Virginia. All of the ginseng was seized in Wyoming, McDowell, Fayette and Raleigh counties before Sept. 1, when ginseng season officially began. Any digging, possession or selling of ginseng before Sept. 1 is a criminal offense.
So far, 11 citations have been issued to 11 people in the four counties, and Brogan said it is highly likely that additional arrests will follow soon. Because all the cases are ongoing, officers would not release names Wednesday.
Brogan said all first-time offenders will face a $100 to $500 fine and second-timers face $500 to $1,000 in fines and/or six months in jail, to be determined by each county’s magistrate.
In addition to the ginseng, DNR police officers seized two illegal hand guns and multiple scales used to weigh the root. They also seized $30,000 in cash collected from people illegally purchasing the root out of season and without a proper dealer’s license, which is issued by the West Virginia Division of Forestry.
Brogan said ginseng dug out of season is often tied with other illegal acts, including the sale and purchase of illegal drugs, especially prescription drugs.
“These roots are almost like carrying cash now days,” said District 4 Natural Resources Police Officer Zachary Mills. “Ginseng has a higher value than the pills, and it is less traceable … . They are trying to get one on us.”
District 4 officers confirmed that many prescription drug dealers will buy the ginseng for practically nothing and then hold on to the root until they can sell it for a much higher price when it is in season.
In 2013, one pound of ginseng sold for an average of $780, according to Robin Black, ginseng coordinator for the Division of Forestry.
These arrests are the result of the district’s 15 police officers pursuing yearlong investigations. Officers said 90 percent of their leads came from the general public calling in and reporting illegal activity. All complaints filed are kept anonymous.
“Public input is paramount to getting anything done … . If they see something, they need to say something,” Richards said.
He added, “The ginseng thing has always been a tradition of the state, and that’s something people always did for extra money. It was a heritage type of thing. It’s gotten to where, now, people are using it as another source of income and using it to fuel the drug trade.”
Brogan added that The History Channel’s “Appalachian Outlaws” hasn’t helped the cause. Officers say the show has generated greater public awareness to make the sport more alluring.
As the four officers and Lt. Brogan examined the 190 pounds of ginseng, all agreed that the amount seized is just the tip of the iceberg in the illegal ginseng business.
Mills said, “190 pounds. That’s just barely touching it.”
“We think this is going on all over the state,” Brogan added.
At the end of August, District 5 DNR Capt. Kaven Ransom said about 18 pounds of ginseng was seized before Sept. 1.
The Division of Forestry regulates harvesting of the plant. To maintain American ginseng’s sustainability, Forestry requires that all plants dug are at least 5 years old and have at least three prongs. When a plant is harvested, all of its red berries, which indicate that the plant is ready to germinate, must be planted into the soil where it was found. This ensures that the plant will reproduce.
Looking at the seized ginseng, Officer Joshua Toner said, “Every single root you see here will not reproduce. It was dug prior to the season.”
Toner said he attended a tri-state meeting on ginseng and learned that, “if it is dug at the current rate, in about 25 years, there may not be any more wild American ginseng.”
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service considers ginseng a threatened plant, and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora [CITES] monitors the sale and exportation of all ginseng from the United States.
Richards said illegal diggers are “killing the ginseng population” and hurting the efforts of legal diggers who rely on the plant for income.
“The way it is going right now, we could be out of ginseng in several years,” District 4 Capt. Larry Case said. “I hope we are doing more than scratching the surface ... . These guys [DNR officers] have done an excellent job. Nobody in the state works on ginseng like these guys do. If we, the DNR law enforce section, don’t do this, nobody else is working on it to protect this resource.
“These guys have come through.”
Reach Anna Patrick at
anna.patrick@wvgazette.com or 304-348-5100.