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Thread: marijuana tcm?!?!?!?!!?

  1. #196
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    I think pregnant women shouldn’t smoke pot because it change a little body metabolism, which is very bad, especially when the girl is pregnant. I’ve even heard that antibiotics are only given to pregnant women in that critical case, because pills can affect the baby. I would use cbd edibles canada, since it does not cause addiction and has no negative effect on the body, just relaxes and helps with nausea.
    Last edited by heavens000; 06-29-2022 at 06:10 AM.

  2. #197
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    Doctor of weed

    Doctor of weed? Thailand now offering cannabis science degrees after marijuana legalization
    Rebecca Moon
    4 days ago


    Waldo 18, a medicinal cannabis supply chain company in Thailand, is partnering with Filipino-Thai restaurant Toto Inasal to give individuals an opportunity to obtain a degree in cannabis science.

    The Waldo Institute of Petchburi, officially accredited by Thailand’s Office of Higher Education Commission, will offer bachelors, masters and PhDs in Cannabis Science.

    Hemp and cannabis were officially decriminalized in Thailand on June 9.

    With Thailand’s decriminalization of cannabis on June 9, a company that distributes medicinal plants is offering degrees in cannabis science.

    Waldo 18, a commercial supply chain company that grows and sells medicinal plants, is teaming up with Jongkasem Julakham-Platon, the owner of Filipino-Thai restaurant Toto Inasal in Bangkok, to provide cannabis science degrees at the Waldo Institute of Petchburi. The institution is accredited by Thailand’s Office of the Higher Education Commision, making the degree officially recognized. According to Julakhan-Platon, the institute will be offering bachelors, masters and PhDs in cannabis science.

    “They are also developing a new breed named Rocher Breed. It’s a highly resistant and high survival-rate cannabis breed,” Julakham-Platon told Mashable. “Toto Inasal will also help in the experimentation of Cannabis products with food and beverages.”

    Thailand is the first Southeast Asian country to decriminalize cannabis, permitting people to grow their own cannabis at home, although they must be of medical grade and for medicinal purposes only. Cannabis products must also contain less than 0.2% of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive ingredient that produces the sensation of being high.

    Although the Thai government stated that cannabis is only legal for medicinal purposes, many food and beverage establishments are serving edibles and cannabis-infused teas and coffees.

    The country’s public health minister, Anutin Charnvirakul, previously announced on Facebook that 1 million cannabis plants would be given away for free in celebration of the drug’s legalization.

    Feature image via Pexels
    I thought this was already being done in Oaksterdam...
    Gene Ching
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  3. #198
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    Clint

    Clint Eastwood Wins $2M in Trademark Infringement Suit Over Fake CBD Endorsement
    The actor-director accused a company of illegally using his celebrity to drive traffic to its website selling CBD products.
    BY WINSTON CHO

    JULY 1, 2022 11:37AM

    ROBYN BECK/AFP/GETTY IMAGES

    Clint Eastwood was awarded $2 million in a lawsuit accusing a CBD retailer of stealing his name and likeness to promote its products. The verdict is the second in favor of the actor in a pair of suits against CBD manufacturers and marketers that fabricated news articles and manipulated search results to make it appear that the actor endorsed their products.

    “$2 million is a reasonable representation of the fair market value of Mr. Eastwood’s services in lending his influential and known name to a hidden metatag campaign for products he likely would have been unwilling to endorse in the first place,” reads the order issued on June 24.

    Eastwood has waged numerous legal battles over his career to protect his reputation. The Hollywood veteran who rose to fame in Westerns and Garrapata, which owns Eastwood’s rights to his likeness outside of movies, sued the CBD companies in 2020 in California federal court to make it clear that he’s never been involved in the cannabis industry.

    According to the lawsuit that led to the $2 million award, Eastwood alleged that Norok Innovation perpetuated an online scam that illegally used his celebrity to drive traffic to a website selling CBD products. He took issue with the way the company lured online shoppers to its website.

    “Without Mr. Eastwood’s knowledge of permission, online retailers of CBD products strategically place Mr. Eastwood’s name within blog posts and webpage meta descriptions (content that describes and summarizes the contents of a given webpage for the benefit of users and search engines to locate) as a means to promote CBD products and guide customers to an online marketplace that sells CBD products,” reads the complaint.

    U.S. District Judge Cormac Carney granted default judgment in favor of Eastwood, finding that he proved his trademark infringement claims. Although he didn’t award the full $3 million that the actor was looking for, Carney concluded that “the amount sought is not unreasonable in relation to Defendants’ unlawful conduct of exploiting and misusing Plaintiff’s rights for their own commercial gain.”

    The judge pointed to the fact that Eastwood has only ever agreed to one prior endorsement deal for a Super Bowl television commercial in 2012, which addressed the country’s recovery from the recession. Eastwood claimed that he took a fee well below his market value at $2 million because he felt strongly about the commercial’s message.

    “We are pleased with the Court’s decision as it recognizes the substantial harm that false endorsements cause,” said the actor’s attorney Jordan Susman. “It further sends a message to such offenders that they cannot evade liability by ignoring the legal system. This is a judgment we look forward to collecting.”

    Norok Innovation couldn’t be reached for comment.

    In October, Eastwood was awarded $6.1 million in his other suit against Mediatonas UAB, a Lithuanian company that published a fake interview with the actor to make it appear as though he was endorsing their products. The judge similarly granted default judgment in favor of Eastwood after the company failed to respond to the suit.

    Actors, including Sandra Bullock and Ellen DeGeneres, have taken to court in recent years against companies that misappropriate their names and likenesses to drive traffic to e-commerce sitses.
    That made his day...
    Gene Ching
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  4. #199
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    RIP Elias Theodorou

    Elias Theodorou, Pioneer of Medical Marijuana in Sports, Dies at 34
    A Canadian mixed martial artist, he brought cerebral flair to the ring and a dogged determination to his campaign for changing the sport’s drug rules.


    Elias Theodorou, right, in 2018 in a middleweight mixed martial arts bout with Eryk Anders of the United States in Toronto. He was already a widely admired sports figure when he took up the cause of medical marijuana.Credit...Vaughn Ridley/Getty Images

    By Clay Risen
    Published Oct. 2, 2022
    Updated Oct. 3, 2022, 4:12 a.m. ET

    Elias Theodorou, a cerebral, charismatic mixed martial arts fighter who campaigned to change his sport’s drug rules and is widely believed to be the first professional athlete to receive a therapeutic exemption to use marijuana, died on Sept. 11 at his home in Woodbridge, Ontario, a suburb of Toronto. He was 34.

    His brother, Michael, said the cause was colon cancer that had metastasized to his liver.

    Countless pro athletes are said to use marijuana — for pain, for anxiety, to focus — but most sports prohibit or heavily regulate its use. In 2019 the PGA suspended the golfer Matt Every for three months after he tested positive for THC, the active ingredient in marijuana, and in 2021 the American sprinter Sha’Carri Richardson was effectively disqualified from the Tokyo Olympics after THC was found in her bloodstream.

    Theodorou, who suffered from bilateral neuropathy, which caused tingling pain in his hands and arms, didn’t want to be next. Known for his thoughtful, deliberative fighting style, he applied that same approach to his campaign to win permission to use marijuana during training and preparation for a fight.

    He built his case meticulously, collecting research and statements from doctors and lawyers and documenting his own fruitless efforts to find an already permitted alternative, like opioids.

    “What I’m trying to strive for is an even playing field,” he told Forbes in 2021. “Anyone with the same kind of injury would be able to take a handful of Vicodin to go and fight and it wouldn’t be an issue.”

    Drug rules for sports like mixed martial arts are largely set at the state and provincial level, so he had to tailor his pitch over and over to address different regulations. He won approval from the British Columbia Athletic Commission in 2020, and a year later from a similar body in Colorado. He fought in both jurisdictions, and was planning to seek further exemptions when he was diagnosed with cancer in January.

    According to his lawyer, Eric Magraken, he was the first professional athlete in North America to receive such an exemption, and very likely the first in the world.

    Theodorou was already a widely admired sports figure when he took up the cause of medical marijuana.

    He exploded onto the mixed martial arts scene in 2011, going undefeated for his first four years and signing a contract with the Ultimate Fighting Championship, the sport’s premier promotion company, in 2014.

    His fighting style was slow, grinding, even a bit boring. But fans loved him for the charisma and humility he brought to a sport often stereotyped as violent and humorless.

    “His personality just stood out, and he brought that into the fight,” Sarah Kaufman, a retired mixed martial arts fighter, said in a phone interview. “He would just be really smart. He was strategic and thoughtful.”

    He made much of his long hair, which he wore in cornrows during fights but otherwise let flow down his shoulders. He called himself “the Mane Event,” ran a Twitter account dedicated to his locks and signed a sponsorship deal with Pert Plus, the shampoo brand.

    As a model and actor, Theodorou appeared on the cover of 11 Harlequin romance novels (he joked that he was “your mom’s favorite romance cover and your son’s favorite fighter”), had small roles on Canadian television shows like “The Listener” and “Played,” and was a contestant on the Canadian version of “The Greatest Race.”

    He also crossed boundaries. He spoke openly about his struggles with dyslexia. In place of the usual scantily clad ring girl who holds a sign announcing the next round in a match, he did the same by moonlighting as a “ring boy” at several events held by Invicta, an all-female mixed martial arts circuit.

    “It was a beautiful subversion of this archaic institution,” Geoff Girvitz, owner of Bang Personal Training in Toronto, where Theodorou often worked out, said in a phone interview.

    A true happy warrior, Theodorou mixed with fans, palled around with other fighters and generally seemed in gleeful awe of his own success.
    “It’s the coolest thing,” he told The Province, a newspaper in Vancouver, British Columbia, in 2014. “Me being me and people wanting to see that is cool. I’m just rolling with the punches — metaphorically speaking and literally inside the cage, too.”

    Theodorou during a weigh-in before a fight in 2018. Losing a sidewalk fight as a freshman in college that was captured on video inspired him to take up mixed martial arts.Credit...Tom Szczerbowski/USA Today Sports, via Reuters

    Elias Michael Theodorou was born on May 31, 1988, in Mississauga, a suburb of Toronto, to Gary Theodorou, a computer engineer for Ricoh, the camera manufacturer, and Mimi (Bouloukou) Theodorou, a vice president of operations for Bank of America. His parents and his brother survive him.

    Unlike most mixed martial artists, Elias didn’t grow up fighting; instead, he skateboarded. It was only in his first year at Humber College, in Toronto, that he took up the sport — and then only after a video of him losing a sidewalk fight went viral, and he started looking for a way to defend himself.

    “I’ve said this before, if I ever saw the guy I fought with, even though he sucker-punched me, I’d buy him dinner,” he told The Ottawa Sun in 2019. “It was a catalyst to a healthy career.”

    He graduated with a bachelor’s degree in creative advertising in 2010 and fought his first professional match the next year.

    Without a background in any particular discipline, Theodorou developed a unique style, one that even two of his coaches called “awkwardly effective,” blending techniques from martial arts like Brazilian jiu-jitsu and Muay Thai as well as wrestling and boxing.

    “He was coming into mixed martial arts as a blank slate,” Chad Pearson, his wrestling coach, said in an interview, “and getting pieces from wrestling, getting pieces from jujitsu, getting pieces from striking, and he was literally creating his own set of techniques.”

    At 6-foot-1 and about 185 pounds, Theodorou competed as a middleweight, with the nickname the Spartan. He appeared on “The Ultimate Fighter Nations: Canada vs. Australia,” a reality TV competition, in 2013, a year before he joined the Ultimate Fighting Championship.

    Theodorou went 8-3 during his five years in the U.F.C., and 19-3 for his career. But over time it became apparent that his measured style was not the right fit for a circuit that emphasized pyrotechnic aggression. After a loss to the American fighter Derek Brunson in 2019, the U.F.C. released him from his contract.

    It was a lesson, and a mixed blessing. Theodorou developed a more aggressive style and went undefeated the rest of his career. But the U.F.C. can be all-consuming, and without it he had the freedom to pursue other interests, including his acting and his medical-marijuana advocacy — and, he said, to plan for a time when he would no longer be stepping into the ring.

    “No one wants to get hit in the head forever,” he told The Chronicle Herald of Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 2016, “and I still want to find a life after fighting.”
    Clay Risen is an obituaries reporter for The Times. Previously, he was a senior editor on the Politics desk and a deputy op-ed editor on the Opinion desk. He is the author, most recently, of “Bourbon: The Story of Kentucky Whiskey.” @risenc

    A version of this article appears in print on Oct. 3, 2022, Section A, Page 21 of the New York edition with the headline: Elias Theodorou, 34, a Pioneer Of Medical Marijuana in Sports.
    marijuana-tcm-!-!-!-!!
    Marijuana-amp-MMA
    Gene Ching
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  5. #200
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    Tyson v Holyfield

    Watch this tweet

    Old Rivals Mike Tyson, Evander Holyfield Promote 'Holy Ears' Pot Edibles
    You've got to watch the two joke like grandpas in holiday sweaters, arguing about what Holyfield's ear tastes like.

    Gael Fashingbauer Cooper
    Nov. 15, 2022 3:07 p.m. PT
    2 min read

    The Mike Bites marijuana candies are shaped like little ears with bites out of them, in tribute to Mike Tyson taking a chomp out of Evander Holyfield's ear back in a 1997 boxing match.

    Mike Tyson infamously bit a chunk out of Evander Holyfield's ear in the 1997 WBA Heavyweight Championship fight. But now the two former opponents have joined to sell marijuana gummi candies shaped like ears with bites out of them. The candies are called Mike Bites, and they're part of what Tyson's marijuana product company, Tyson 2.0, has dubbed the "Holy Ears" collection.

    On Monday, the company released a holiday-themed video featuring the two men (wearing holiday sweaters, nonetheless) promoting the marijuana candy. The edibles aren't new -- I wrote about them in March -- but they're now available at many more stores and in many more states.

    Back in March, Holyfield wasn't talking about the candies and it was unclear how he was involved. Now, he seems all in.

    In the video, Holyfield gifts Tyson an iron, saying, "I'm glad we ironed things out."

    Then, Tyson hands Holyfield a gift, which turns out to be a package of the gummi candies, in cherry pie punch flavor. The two then argue about whether Holyfield's ear really tastes like that, with Tyson saying, "I ate your ear, I should know!"

    Tyson 2.0 products are available at a variety of marijuana retailers, with a location guide on the company site.

    After Tyson bit Holyfield's ear in the 1997 fight, the match was resumed, and shortly after, Tyson bit Holyfield's other ear. Tyson was disqualified, his boxing license was revoked and he was fined more than $3 million.

    "Cannabis has always played an important role in my life," Tyson says on the company website. "Cannabis has changed me for the good both mentally and physically, and I want to share that gift with others who are also seeking relief."
    Mike-Tyson
    marijuana-tcm-!-!-!-!!
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  6. #201
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    Weed Boxing Championship



    Koh Samui to host Weed Boxing Championship
    By: News | August 22, 2023 1:53 pm

    Koh Samui is set to host the Weed Boxing Championship. The event takes place on August 27th and participants will be required to ‘smoke a bong or a joint’ before participating.

    Former heavyweight world champion Mike Tyson is the sport’s most high profile stoner. He admits to smoking every single day and has built his own cannabis empire selling a variety of different cannabis and cannabis related products.

    Tyson’s heyday was several decades ago so he doesn’t have to worry too much about a visit from the drug testers. Plus the convicted rapist probably isn’t too worried that being associated with a drug that is still illegal in many countries will taint his reputation.

    Reigning WBO and WBA super flyweight champion Kazuto Ioka tested positive for marijuana ahead of a title fight last year. But he was able to get off on a technicality because the sample was mishandled.

    Open secret

    There must be more boxers out there smoking cannabis because it is an open secret that several mixed martial artists like to get stoned. Among them are Nate Diaz and his brother Nick Diaz who served several bans during his UFC career and even had a submission win overturned after testing positive.

    Newly crowned UFC bantamweight champion Sean O’Malley has made no secret of the fact that he likes getting stoned. The American frequently posts videos of him smoking before, after and even during training.

    No fear

    Participants in the inaugural Weed Boxing Championships need have no fear of an unwanted visit from WADA or USADA. They are obliged to get stoned before the fights which will consist of three rounds of three minutes apiece.

    Spectators will also be encouraged to smoke the same weed as the fighters and there will be live music and food. The event is set for the Samui International Muay Thai Stadium so a big audience is probably expected.

    In June, 2022 marijuana was decriminalized in Thailand. Almost overnight shops and stalls popped up everywhere selling high quality product to customers who would previously have been required to break the law in order to get their hands on it.

    Muay Thai tourism is well established but marijuana tourism is a relatively new phenomenon in Thailand. This event looks to fuse the two and while it will be the first of its kind in the country it is unlikely to be the last.
    Boxing
    Mike-Tyson
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  7. #202
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    Weed yoga

    Is Weed Yoga Really Worth It? We Tried it and Found Out!
    LAST UPDATED: 09/26/2023

    IMG VIA JILLIAN PFENNIG
    Yogis across the country (and world) look to their yoga practice to allow them to reach enlightenment. With almost 50,000 yoga studios in the US, it’s a safe bet that you’ve tried yoga for a similar reason– whether as a form of body movement, meditation or mental health practice. But have you tried yoga under the influence of cannabis?

    The yoga community is split on whether cannabis is good for a yoga practice, but agreed that it’s ultimately a personal choice. I practice yoga often, especially restorative yoga, so I was interested in trying THC-infused yoga to see if it enhanced my experience the way some yogis claim it does. So, I attended a weed yoga event at The Artist Tree in West Hollywood, CA.


    Arriving at The Artist Tree in West Hollywood, CA for Weed Yoga

    The weed yoga event I attended took place at The Artist Tree in West Hollywood, CA. The dispensary has a dispensary on the bottom floor, a lounge on the second, and an event space on the third. We got there a half hour early to indulge in some cannabis treats before heading up to the third floor for yoga.

    Not knowing what to expect in the lounge, I was overwhelmed with the vast array of options. Their menu separated indica, sativa and CBD. They even had different devices such as bongs, gravity bongs, and vaporizers to rent for the optimum smoking experience– not to mention THC infused cocktails!

    Our server, Clay, was so knowledgeable and welcoming, and he complimented my adorable Old Navy outfit. Clay answered all of my questions and actually allowed me to mix the liquid cannabis into our cocktail myself. Liquid THC concentrate is the prime method used during weed yoga events.

    The THC cocktail was actually very good, and once mixed in, you couldn’t taste the concentrate. But would this actually help me connect mind, body and spirit?

    My Plus Size Experience at a Weed Yoga Event


    IMG VIA JILLIAN PFENNIG
    Heading up to the third floor we were offered another vial of liquid cannabis and it was up to us how we wanted to use it– add it to the cocktail we purchased, shoot it like a shot, or sip on it throughout the class. I decided to mix it into the delicious strawberry lemonade cocktail I was already drinking.

    Laid out on our mats, the instructor, Amy, began the yoga class. The small intimate class was definitely the right environment for this experimental weed yoga. As the experts say, “Yoga is a journey of the self”, and I was beginning to feel more relaxed and centered than before while sipping on my cocktail.

    Moving from pose to pose, I was definitely more in my body than my mind without needing to focus too much, which I attribute to the THC. My mind is always running a mile a minute, so when I normally practice yoga, it takes a lot for me to breathe out all of the distractions. But I 1000% didn’t have to work as hard to calm my mind as I usually do.

    After the first half of flow yoga, we moved into restorative yoga, which is something I’ve grown very accustomed to following my past surgeries. This is really where I felt the THC added to my yoga experience. Restorative yoga is all about holding poses for a long time and really allowing your body to breathe through the pose (unlike flow yoga, which is constantly moving).

    As someone always in their head, restorative yoga really challenged me to breathe life into my body as I lay in each pose, and not allow my mind to wander. The second half of the class is where I really felt the THC aid my yoga practice, as I didn’t have to constantly tell my mind to relax. I fell into it much quicker and didn’t find myself adrift as much. I was simply in my body and not my mind.

    As the class ended, we decided to hang out at the lounge for a bit longer. Artist Tree is not allowed to serve food in the lounge, so they are partnered with two places where you can order food to be delivered. We ate lunch and smoked the remainder of the joint we bought earlier while enjoying the post yoga feeling in our bodies. I don’t know if weed yoga will become a regular practice for me, but I did get an extra vial to take home and try it again!



    BY JILLIAN PFENNIG
    Jillian Pfennig (she/her) hasn't met an adventure she doesn't love. She is a writer, photographer, plus size model and traveler of the world.

    marijuana-tcm-!-!-!-!!

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    Gene Ching
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  8. #203
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    Working out high

    Runner's High: Experiment Reveals How Cannabis Actually Affects Exercise
    HEALTH
    12 January 2024
    By CARLY CASSELLA


    Ultrarunner Heather Masshoudi partaking in the experiment. (Patrick Campbell/CU Boulder)

    The impact of cannabis on exercise is rife with assumptions and contradictions. All at once, the plant is considered a performance-enhancing drug, banned by numerous sporting events, and a 'couch-lock', employed by the perennially lazy.

    Emerging evidence suggests both perspectives are off the mark.

    In US states that have legalized cannabis, several recent surveys have found those who use the drug actually get up and move more than non-users.

    And while there is no direct evidence to suggest that recreational cannabis improves athletic performance in the moment, researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder (UCB) think it could make exercise more enjoyable.

    In a recent experiment, 42 healthy adult runners from Colorado who identified as regular cannabis users ran on a treadmill at a moderate pace for 30 minutes. Before, during, and after the run, scientists monitored their physical and mental state. On another occasion, participants were given the choice to use either THC or CBD products before a similar 30-minute run.

    THC, or tetrahydrocannabinol, is the compound in cannabis largely responsible for the plant's psychoactive effects. Whereas CBD, or cannabidiol, is a compound in the plant that offers muscle-relaxing, anti-inflammatory effects without producing the trippy mind-altering effects traditionally associated with marijuana.

    "The bottom-line finding is that cannabis before exercise seems to increase positive mood and enjoyment during exercise, whether you use THC or CBD. But THC products specifically may make exercise feel more effortful," says psychologist Laurel Gibson from UCB.



    Today, only a small number of studies have dug into the acute effects of cannabis on exercise, and most were conducted decades ago.

    Recent legalization in states like Colorado has finally allowed scientists to conduct observational experiments on the drug, and researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder are particularly interested in those who say they like running high.

    Ultrarunner Heather Masshoudi was one of the participants included in the study. Anecdotally, she says that a natural 'runner's high' on a 30 kilometer (just under 20 mile) run feels very similar to getting high on cannabis and running for a much shorter time.

    Interestingly, studies have linked intense exercise to the endocannabinoid system in the brain, which is what cannabis taps into.

    In 2023, psychologists at UCB found that getting high before a run often resulted in a slower, yet more enjoyable bout of exercise for regular cannabis users.

    The newest study from Gibson and her team supports those results. Compared to running sober, running high was more enjoyable for participants, even if the inclusion of THC did make the exercise feel slightly harder.

    By comparison, participants who took only CBD in experiments still enjoyed the run more than they did without it, but they did not feel as though their run required more exertion.

    To be clear, this does not mean that scientists are recommending that people use THC or CBD products before exercise, as there could still be potential harms.

    In the recent experiments, those who took THC showed an increased heart rate while high before they started running. Even though this effect wasn't compounded by running, there is reason to remain cautious about the potential consequences to cardiovascular health.

    Neuroscientist Angela Bryan, also on the UCB research team, warns that "it's too early to make broad recommendations", but she thinks "it's worth exploring" further.

    Because of ethical considerations, the study was not double-blinded or randomized, and dosage among participants wasn't regulated. Furthermore, the group of participants was limited to include regular cannabis users who ran a lot, which means enrollment could very well be biased towards those with positive cannabis experiences while exercising.

    Studies with more rigorous methodologies are now needed to test these initial observations, but Bryan says "it is pretty clear from our research that cannabis is not a performance-enhancing drug."

    Whether the drug helps in recovery after exercise is another matter still up for debate.

    The study was published in Sports Medicine.
    fascinating
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  9. #204
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    Slightly OT

    An Ancient Tomb Revealed a Potent Surprise: 17th Century Bones Contained THC
    Archaeologists dig up old joints of a different kind, leaving history in a haze.
    BY TIM NEWCOMBPUBLISHED: JAN 29, 2024 1:00 PM EST

    [IMG]https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/skull-smoking-a-joint-royalty-free-image-1706463971.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=1200: *[/IMG]
    madsci//Getty Images
    Researchers studied bones in an Italian medical crypt from the 17th century, and discovered the presence of cannabis.
    Since cannabis was not a prescribed medical treatment at that time in that hospital, the team hypothesizes that the use was recreational.
    While stories of cannabis use stretch to well before the 17th century, this is the first physical evidence showing the plant’s use.
    Weed was popular enough centuries ago that it became part of peoples’ bones. And now there’s scientific research to prove it. Researchers in Italy recently detected traces of Delta-9 THC and CBD—both from the cannabis plant—in bone samples dating back to the 1600s.

    “This study reports the first physical evidence of cannabis use in Modern Age in Italy, but also in Europe,” wrote the authors of the study detailing this discovery. The study was published in the Journal of Archaeological Science, and chronicles the group’s toxicological analyses on human remains that were located in a Milan hospital crypt.

    The team performed these analyses using a mass spectrometer on nine human remains from the Ca’ Granda Crypt—located under a church next door to a key hospital in Milan—with the goal of identifying individual chemical compounds. They carbon dated the bones to the 1600s, and found cannabis in two of the nine bones studied. The presence of the chemical seemed to have no correlation with demographic, as the bones of both a woman aged about 50 and a teenage boy were found to have DTC and CBD.

    RELATED STORY
    Marijuana Plants Found in Ancient Chinese Grave

    “The presence of these two alkaloids evidences the use of the cannabis plant in the Italian population during the 17thcentury,” the authors wrote. After investigating the archived documentation of the hospital, the team found that cannabis was not administered as a medical treatment during the 1600s. “Thus, we hypothesize that the subjects under investigation used cannabis as a recreational substance,” the study said. The researchers caution, however, that they can’t rule out other sources of exposure related to medical treatments outside of the hospital.

    While the use of cannabis is well chronicled back to the Middle Ages in Europe, cannabis fell out of favor as a medical option in 1484, according to the CBC, when Pope Innocent VIII labeled it an “unholy sacrament.” But that doesn’t mean that cannabis wasn’t a popular choice outside of medical settings.

    “We know that cannabis has been used in the past, but this is the first study ever to find traces of it in human bones,” says Gaia Giordano, biologist and doctoral student at the University of Milan’s Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology and Odontology and Laboratory of Toxicological Investigation and a study author, according to the CBC. “This is an important finding, because there are very few laboratories that can examine bones to find traces of drugs.”

    The lab in Milan certainly pulled it off. “Molecules of medicinal plants can be detected by toxicological analysis even centuries after the death of an individual,” Giordano says, according to the New Scientist.

    Even amidst a ban on cannabis, Italy used hemp aplenty in commerce, so access to the plant was part of everyday life for those making ropes, textiles, feed for livestock, and paper (and, yes, the sails on ships used by Christopher Columbus).

    “Life was especially tough in Milan in the 17th century,” Domenico di Candia, archaeotoxicologist and lead author on the study, told Italian newspaper Corriere della Sera. “Famine, disease, poverty, and almost nonexistent hygiene were widespread.” With cannabis proven as a drug of choice in the day, researchers may now begin investigating what other substances were present in the 17th century bones.


    TIM NEWCOMB
    Tim Newcomb is a journalist based in the Pacific Northwest. He covers stadiums, sneakers, gear, infrastructure, and more for a variety of publications, including Popular Mechanics. His favorite interviews have included sit-downs with Roger Federer in Switzerland, Kobe Bryant in Los Angeles, and Tinker Hatfield in Portland.
    China is much older. I think we've discussed that here already but I activated the link to a past article on the topic in this article.
    Gene Ching
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